Matlab GUI界面設計

一、Matlab的GUI界面設計介紹

Matlab是一種可視化＋編程的高級計算軟體，GUI(Graphical User Interface)即圖形用戶界面，它是一種基於Matlab程序語言的圖形化交互界面。Matlab的GUI界面設計可以使程序更加用戶友好，可以直接對程序做出操作。

Matlab的GUI界面設計參考和借鑒了許多其他軟體的操作界面，所以Matlab的界面設計也非常符合人的使用習慣，使用Matlab的GUI界面設計可以很好的讓人們更快更好更方便地使用Matlab。

在Matlab中，利用GUI能夠實現比較友好地界面交互，簡單明了的顯示各種數據和結果，互動性也非常不錯，尤其是數據可視化上，Matlab GUI的體驗是比較完美的。

二、Matlab的GUI界面設計優點

1、提高程序的可擴展性

利用Matlab的GUI界面設計設計的程序可以很方便的增加或者修改功能，滿足用戶的不同需求。

2、提高程序的可讀性和可維護性

Matlab的GUI界面設計可以讓程序的代碼更加結構化，讓代碼的邏輯更加清晰，代碼的可讀性和可維護性得到了很大的提高，減少了代碼的出錯率。

3、提高程序的易用性

Matlab的GUI界面設計使得程序界面更加友好，用戶體驗更加優秀，從而提高了程序的易用性。

三、Matlab的GUI界面設計缺點

1、當GUI程序變得複雜時，程序的結構容易變得混亂。

2、很多操作雖然可視化，但卻並不直觀。

3、GUI節約的是程序員的時間和精力，但卻是以消耗用戶時間和計算機資源為代價。

四、Matlab的GUI界面設計書籍

1、《MATLAB GUI 程序設計》（第二版）作者：（美）Stephen J.Chapman / 劉毅等

2、《Matlab圖形界面設計》作者：郭天龍 李和平

3、《跟我一起學GUI入門到精通》作者：瀋海龍

4、《MATLAB圖形用戶界面設計案例教程》作者：李正友 包良文

五、Matlab的GUI界面設計實驗報告

function PushButton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to PushButton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global rgb;
% 提示選擇圖像
filename = uigetfile('*.*','請選擇一幅圖像');
if ~filename
msgbox('請選擇正確的圖像格式！','錯誤');
return;
end
img = imread(filename);%讀入圖像
img_info = imfinfo(filename);%獲取圖像參數信息
set(handles.figure1,'UserData',img_info);%保存圖像信息
axes(handles.axes1);% 激活需要插圖的畫圖區域 
imshow(img);%顯示圖像
rgb = img;
%將原始圖像參數信息寫入到文件(先刪除舊日誌)
if exist('raw_data.log','file')
delete raw_data.log;
end
fid = fopen('raw_data.log','a');
fprintf(fid,'圖像像素值（32位）：%d × %d × %d\n',img_info.Height,img_info.Width,img_info.BitDepth);
fprintf(fid,'圖像實際大小：%d位元組\n',img_info.FileSize);
fprintf(fid,'圖像長×寬×通道：%d×%d×%d\n',size(img,1),size(img,2),size(img,3));
fprintf(fid,'圖像彩色類型：');is_rgb='';
if size(img,3)==1,is_rgb='灰度圖';elseif size(img,3)==3,is_rgb='真彩色';end,fprintf(fid,'%s\n',is_rgb);
fclose(fid);

六、Matlab的GUI界面設計貪吃蛇

function snake_game

%隱藏背景的邊框，增加遊戲美觀性
set(gcf,'Toolbar','none','Menubar','none','Color',[0.3,0.3,0.3],...
 'NumberTitle','off','Name','貪食蛇 ver1.0'); 
%初始化位置數據
SNAKE = [5 3;5 4;5 5];%初始3點蛇
APPLE = randi(20,1,2);%繪製apple
DIRECTION = [0 1];%初始運動方向設為向右
pp = 1;
while 1
    %繪製蛇和蘋果
    apple = line(APPLE(1),APPLE(2),'Marker','o','Markersize',12,'Color',[1,0,0]);hold on
    snake = line(SNAKE(:,1),SNAKE(:,2),'color',[1,1,1],'linewidth',3);
    %等待用戶運動
    [SNAKE,DIRECTION,APPLE] = cmd(SNAKE,DIRECTION,APPLE);
    %更新蛇的位置和判斷是否產生蘋果
    [SNAKE,APPLE] = move(SNAKE,DIRECTION,APPLE);
    if isempty(SNAKE) %蛇死亡
        break;
    end
    delete(snake);delete(apple);
    pp = pp+1;
end
msgbox(sprintf('你只活了%d秒。',pp),'game over!');

%貪吃蛇移動
function [SNAKE,APPLE] = move(SNAKE,DIRECTION,APPLE)
global F
%移動以前記錄蛇尾，目的是決定是否吃了「蘋果」
TAIL = SNAKE(end,:);
%刪除最後一節蛇
SNAKE = SNAKE(1:end-1,:);
%在頭部增加一節蛇
SNAKE = [SNAKE(1,:); mod(SNAKE(1,:)+DIRECTION,21)];
%判斷蘋果是否被吃掉
if all(SNAKE(1,:) == APPLE)
    if F=='easy'
        SNAKE(end+1,:) = TAIL;
    elseif F=='hard'
        SNAKE = [SNAKE;TAIL];
    end
    APPLE = randi(20,1,2);%重新生成蘋果
end
pos = SNAKE(:,1)>=1&SNAKE(:,2)>=1&SNAKE(:,1)<=20&SNAKE(:,2)<=20;
if sum(pos)~=length(pos) || length(unique(SNAKE,'rows'))~=length(pos),
    SNAKE = [];
end

%貪吃蛇的運動控制
function [SNAKE,DIRECTON,APPLE] = cmd(SNAKE,DIRECTION,APPLE)
global F

key = get(gcf,'CurrentCharacter');%獲取當前按下的鍵
if ~isempty(key)
    if key==28&&(DIRECTION(1)~=1&&DIRECTION(2)~=0) %左
        DIRECTION = [0 -1];
    elseif key==29&&(DIRECTION(1)~=0&&DIRECTION(2)~=1) %下
        DIRECTION = [1 0];
    elseif key==30&&(DIRECTION(1)~=0&&DIRECTION(2)~=-1) %上
        DIRECTION = [-1 0];
    elseif key==31&&(DIRECTION(1)~=-1&&DIRECTION(2)~=0) %右
        DIRECTION = [0 1];
    elseif ~isempty(strfind(lower(key),'e'))
        F = 'easy';
    elseif ~isempty(strfind(lower(key),'h'))
        F = 'hard';
    elseif key==27 %esc鍵
        SNAKE = [];
    end
end

%啟動程序
figure('Color',[0.3,0.3,0.3]),clf,hold on;axis off,axis([1 21 1 21]);
text(16,19,'1:簡單','color','y','fontsize',12);text(16,17,'2:困難','color','y','fontsize',12);
text(16,10,sprintf('按移動鍵或e/h進入遊戲\n困難模式下增加蛇長'),'color','w','fontsize',12);
F = 'easy';SNAKE = [];while isempty(SNAKE),[r,c] = find((mod(randperm(400),20)+1)'==[1 2 3]);SNAKE = [r(1) c(1);r(2) c(2);r(3) c(3)];end;APPLE = randi(20,1,2); 
move_times = 0;

%遊戲暫停函數
function [SNAKE,DIRECTON,APPLE] = pause_game(SNAKE,DIRECTION,APPLE)
while 1
    pause(0.1);
    key = get(gcf,'CurrentCharacter');
    if key == 27
        break;
    end
end

七、Matlab的GUI界面設計出題嘛

function varargout = math_tests(varargin)

% MATH_TESTS MATLAB code for math_tests.fig

%      MATH_TESTS, by itself, creates a new MATH_TESTS or raises the existing

%      singleton*.

%

%      H = MATH_TESTS returns the handle to a new MATH_TESTS or the handle to

%      the existing singleton*.

%

%      MATH_TESTS('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local

%      function named CALLBACK in MATH_TESTS.M with the given input arguments.

%

%      MATH_TESTS('Property','Value',...) creates a new MATH_TESTS or raises the

%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are

%      applied to the GUI before math_tests_OpeningFcn gets called.  An

%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application

%      stop.  All inputs are passed to math_tests_OpeningFcn via varargin.

%

%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one

%      instance to run (singleton)".

%

% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help math_tests
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 22-May-2019 09:31:33
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
 'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
 'gui_OpeningFcn', @math_tests_OpeningFcn, ...
 'gui_OutputFcn',  @math_tests_OutputFcn, ...
 'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
 'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
 gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
 [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
 gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before math_tests is made visible.
function math_tests_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to math_tests (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for math_tests
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes math_tests wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
global result
result=0;
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = math_tests_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in start_btn.
function start_btn_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to start_btn (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global result
result = 0;
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