iOS RSA加密演算法詳解：保障iOS應用數據傳輸安全

一、什麼是RSA演算法

RSA演算法是一種公鑰加密演算法，由三個名字的發明者Rivest、Shamir和Adleman共同發明，RSA演算法是現代公鑰加密演算法中最常用的一種，它是一種非對稱加密演算法，用於數據加密和數字簽名。

非對稱加密演算法需要一對密鑰，分別稱為公鑰和私鑰。公鑰可以自由發布，私鑰則需要保密。任何使用公鑰加密的數據，只有使用與之配對的私鑰才能解密。RSA演算法的主要作用是進行加密和數字簽名。

二、RSA演算法的加密和解密過程

下面通過以下步驟來介紹RSA演算法的加密和解密過程：

1、隨機生成兩個大素數p和q（通常是1024位或2048位）。

2、計算n=pq，φ(n)=(p-1)(q-1)。

3、隨機選取一個整數e，1<e< φ(n)，且e與φ(n)互質。

4、計算d，使得d×e ≡ 1(mod φ(n))，d為e的逆元。

5、公鑰為(n, e)，私鑰為(n, d)。

6、加密過程：將明文M轉化為整數m，採用公鑰(n, e)對明文進行加密，c ≡ m^e (mod n)。

7、解密過程：採用私鑰(n, d)對密文進行解密，m ≡ c^d (mod n)。

三、iOS RSA加密演算法的實現

在iOS中，可以使用Security.framework提供的API函數實現RSA加密和解密。

四、iOS RSA加密演算法示例代碼

#include <Security/Security.h>

// RSA加密
+ (NSString *)rsaEncryptString:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey {
    NSData *plainData = [str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    SecKeyRef keyRef = [self addPublicKey:pubKey];
    size_t cipherBufferSize = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef);
    uint8_t *cipherBuffer = malloc(cipherBufferSize);
    memset(cipherBuffer, 0, cipherBufferSize);
    NSData *pubKeyData = [pubKey dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSString *tag = @"RSAEncryption";
    NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    [attributes setObject:tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
    [attributes setObject:pubKeyData forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [attributes setObject:@(YES) forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;
    OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes, &persistKey);
    if (persistKey != nil){
        CFRelease(persistKey);
    }
    if (status != noErr){
        return @"";
    }
    NSData *keyData = [self getPublicKey:pubKey];
    SecKeyRef key = [self addPublicKey:keyData];
    uint8_t *srcbuf = (uint8_t *)[plainData bytes];
    size_t srclen = strlen((char *)srcbuf);
    size_t outlen = cipherBufferSize;
    OSStatus status1 = SecKeyEncrypt(key, kSecPaddingPKCS1, srcbuf, srclen, &cipherBuffer[0], &outlen);
    NSData *cipherData = nil;
    if (status1 == noErr){
        cipherData = [NSData dataWithBytes:cipherBuffer length:outlen];
    }
    if (cipherBuffer){
        free(cipherBuffer);
    }
    return [cipherData base64EncodedStringWithOptions:NSDataBase64EncodingEndLineWithLineFeed];
}

// RSA解密
+ (NSString *)rsaDecryptString:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey {
    NSData *cipherData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
    NSData *prikeyData = [privKey dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    SecKeyRef keyRef = [self addPrivateKey:prikeyData];
    size_t plainBufferSize = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef);
    uint8_t *plainBuffer = malloc(plainBufferSize);
    memset(plainBuffer, 0, plainBufferSize);
    size_t cipherBufferSize = [cipherData length];
    const void *cipherBuffer = [cipherData bytes];
    OSStatus status = SecKeyDecrypt(keyRef, kSecPaddingPKCS1, cipherBuffer, cipherBufferSize, plainBuffer, &plainBufferSize);
    NSMutableData *decryptedData = nil;
    if (status == noErr){
        decryptedData = [[NSMutableData alloc] initWithBytes:plainBuffer length:plainBufferSize];
    }
    if (plainBuffer){
        free(plainBuffer);
    }
    return [[NSString alloc] initWithData:decryptedData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
}

// 添加公鑰
+ (SecKeyRef)addPublicKey:(NSString *)pubKey {
    NSRange spos = [pubKey rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"];
    NSRange epos = [pubKey rangeOfString:@"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"];
    if (spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){
        NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;
        NSUInteger e = epos.location;
        NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e - s);
        pubKey = [pubKey substringWithRange:range];
    }
    pubKey = [pubKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
    pubKey = [pubKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
    pubKey = [pubKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
    pubKey = [pubKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
    if (pubKey == nil){
        return nil;
    }
    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:pubKey options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
    if (data == nil){
        return nil;
    }
    NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    [attributes setObject:@(YES) forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes);
    [attributes setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes, nil);
    [attributes setObject:@(YES) forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
    SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
    return keyRef;
}

// 添加私鑰
+ (SecKeyRef)addPrivateKey:(NSData *)priKey {
    NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    [attributes setObject:@(YES) forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];
    SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes);
    [attributes setObject:priKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [attributes setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyClass];
    SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes, nil);
    [attributes removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
    [attributes setObject:@(YES) forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
    SecKeyRef keyRef = nil;
    SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)attributes, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);
    return keyRef;
}

// 獲取公鑰
+ (NSData *)getPublicKey:(NSString *)pubKey {
    NSRange spos = [pubKey rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"];
    NSRange epos = [pubKey rangeOfString:@"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"];
    if (spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){
        NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;
        NSUInteger e = epos.location;
        NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e - s);
        pubKey = [pubKey substringWithRange:range];
    }
    pubKey = [pubKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];
    pubKey = [pubKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];
    pubKey = [pubKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];
    pubKey = [pubKey stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];
    if (pubKey == nil){
        return nil;
    }
    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:pubKey options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];
    return data;
}

五、iOS RSA加密演算法的應用

iOS RSA加密演算法可以應用於iOS應用數據傳輸安全，例如在iOS應用進行網路請求時，可以將敏感數據通過RSA加密後傳輸，保障數據傳輸的安全性。