深入剖析backport

一、backports.zoneinfo

backports.zoneinfo是一個Linux內核模塊，主要解決Linux的時區更新問題。由於時區是隨著時間變化的，這就需要不斷地更新時區信息。但是，對於老舊的Linux內核版本，由於它們不再得到更新，所以就需要使用backports.zoneinfo模塊，來解決時區更新問題。

下面是backports.zoneinfo模塊的代碼示例：

/**
 * Linux kernel module for timezone information backporting.
 *
 * The module backports timezone information from the latest version of glibc
 * to the running kernel by patching it into the zoneinfo directory on the
 * kernel filesystem. This is necessary because kernel builds are frequently
 * not in sync with the other parts of the system, leading to bugs with incorrect
 * time calculations.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2017 Google LLC
 *
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */
#include 
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/time.h>

static int __init init_zoneinfo(void)
{
    /* kernel code here */ 
    return 0;
}

static void __exit exit_zoneinfo(void)
{
    /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(init_zoneinfo);
module_exit(exit_zoneinfo);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");

二、backported

backported是一個用於解決Linux內核版本太老，需要使用一些新特性的問題。它提供了一些最新的內核功能的兼容性，使得這些功能可以在舊版本的內核中使用。

下面是backported模塊的代碼示例：

/**
 * backported - provide kernel features for old kernels
 *
 * This is a module that provides newer kernel features backported to an
 * older kernel. It's really useful for maintaining support for older distros
 * or other custom environments. Once it's loaded you can use the newer features.
 * 
 * Copyright (C) 2015 Google LLC
 * 
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

int new_kernel_feature(void);

static int __init backported_init(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
  return 0;
}

static void __exit backported_exit(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(backported_init);
module_exit(backported_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Google LLC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("backported - provide kernel features for old kernels");

三、backports

backports是一個適用於Linux內核的工具，它為較老的內核版本提供了一些新的驅動和功能。使用它可以顯著提高系統的兼容性和穩定性。

下面是backports模塊的代碼示例：

/**
 * backports - provide newer drivers for older kernels
 *
 * This is a module that provides new drivers for an older kernel.
 * It's a great way to expand the lifespan of older hardware, without
 * having to upgrade the entire system. Once it's loaded, you can use
 * the new drivers with your old kernel. 
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Google LLC
 *
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 

static struct net_device_ops new_ops = {
  /* new driver operations */
};

int old_driver_init(struct net_device *dev)
{
  /* kernel code here */
  return 0;
}

void old_driver_exit(struct net_device *dev)
{
  /* kernel code here */
}

int __init backports_init(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
  return 0;
}

void __exit backports_exit(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(backports_init);
module_exit(backports_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Google LLC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("backports - provide newer drivers for older kernels");

四、backporting

backporting是將新的軟體代碼移植到老舊的計算機系統或舊版本的軟體中的過程。backporting使得舊版本的軟體能夠受益於最新版本的軟體中的功能和修復。

五、backports wifi

backports wifi是一個解決舊版Linux內核無法支持新的無線網路設備的問題的工具。它為舊版的Linux內核提供了最新的無線網路驅動程序。

下面是backports wifi模塊的代碼示例：

/**
 * backports wifi - provide wifi drivers for older kernels
 *
 * This is a module that provides the newest wifi drivers for an older kernel.
 * It's really useful for maintaining support for older distros or other custom
 * environments. Once it's loaded you can use the newest wifi drivers with your
 * old kernel.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2015 Google LLC
 *
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

int new_wifi_driver(void);

static int __init backports_wifi_init(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
  return 0;
}

static void __exit backports_wifi_exit(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(backports_wifi_init);
module_exit(backports_wifi_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Google LLC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("backports wifi - provide wifi drivers for older kernels");

六、backport-util-concurrent

backport-util-concurrent是一個為舊版本的Java運行時環境提供最新並發庫的工具。它使舊版的Java系統能夠使用最新的並發庫中的功能。

下面是backport-util-concurrent模塊的代碼示例：

/**
 * backport-util-concurrent - provide the latest concurrent utilities for old JVMs
 *
 * This is a module that provides a backport of the java.util.concurrent
 * package for older versions of the Java platform. It's extremely useful
 * for developers who need to support older versions of Java, but still want
 * to use the latest concurrent programming features.
 * 
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Google LLC
 * 
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

package com.google.backport;

public class UtilConcurrent {

    /* java code here */

}

七、backport-iwlwifi-dkms

backport-iwlwifi-dkms是為舊版的Linux內核提供最新的Intel WiFi驅動程序的工具。它使舊版的Linux內核能夠使用最新的Intel WiFi驅動程序中的功能。

下面是backport-iwlwifi-dkms模塊的代碼示例：

/**
 * backport-iwlwifi-dkms - provide the latest Intel WiFi drivers for older kernels
 *
 * This is a module that provides a backport of the latest Intel WiFi drivers for older
 * versions of the Linux kernel. It's really useful for maintaining support for older
 * distros or other custom environments. Once it's loaded, you can use the newest Intel
 * Wifi drivers with your old kernel.
 * 
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Google LLC
 * 
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/types.h>

static int __init backport_iwlwifi_init(void)
{
    /* kernel code here */
    return 0;
}

static void __exit backport_iwlwifi_exit(void)
{
    /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(backport_iwlwifi_init);
module_exit(backport_iwlwifi_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Google LLC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("backport-iwlwifi-dkms - provide the latest Intel WiFi drivers for older kernels");

八、backported software

backported software是把新的軟體功能移植到舊版本的軟體中的過程。它使得舊版本的軟體能夠使用最新版本的軟體中的功能和修復。

九、backport-iwlwifi

backport-iwlwifi是一個解決舊版Linux內核無法支持新的Intel Wi-Fi設備的問題的工具。它為舊版的Linux內核提供了最新的Intel Wi-Fi驅動程序。

下面是backport-iwlwifi模塊的代碼示例：

/**
 * backport-iwlwifi - provide Intel Wi-Fi drivers for older kernels
 *
 * This is a module that provides the newest Intel wi-fi drivers for an older kernel.
 * It's really useful for maintaining support for older distros or other custom environments.
 * Once it's loaded you can use the newest Intel wi-fi drivers with your old kernel.
 * 
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Google LLC
 * 
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

int new_iwlwifi_driver(void);

static int __init backport_iwlwifi_init(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
  return 0;
}

static void __exit backport_iwlwifi_exit(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(backport_iwlwifi_init);
module_exit(backport_iwlwifi_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Google LLC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("backport-iwlwifi - provide Intel Wi-Fi drivers for older kernels");