Python Socket.IO全方位指南

一、Socket.IO簡介

Socket.IO 是一個基於網路實時通訊的 JavaScript 庫。它包含了伺服器端（Node.js）和客戶端（瀏覽器）兩個部分，通過 WebSockets 的技術，它能夠實現實時通訊的功能。Socket.IO 廣泛運用於在線遊戲、在線聊天等實時通訊應用中。

二、Python Socket.IO

Python 的 Socket.IO 實現是建立在 gevent 或 eventlet 基礎上，並且支持 Python 2.x 和 Python 3.x。Python Socket.IO 不僅繼承了 Socket.IO 的優點，如實時通訊、基於事件、封裝的消息傳輸機制等特點，還具有 Python 語言本身的優點，如語言易用、有大量的優秀庫和框架支持。

三、Python Socket.IO 安裝

Python Socket.IO 的安裝很簡單，可以通過 pip 直接安裝：

pip install python-socketio
pip install python-socketio[client]
pip install python-socketio[asyncio_client]
pip install python-socketio[django]
pip install python-socketio[gunicorn]
pip install python-socketio[gevent]
pip install python-socketio[eventlet]
pip install python-socketio[eventlet_old]
pip install python-socketio[gevent_uwsgi]

四、Python Socket.IO 伺服器端編程

Python Socket.IO 伺服器端編程非常簡單直接，下面是一個簡單的 Python Socket.IO 伺服器端示例：

import socketio

app = socketio.WSGIApp()

@sio.on(『my event『)
def my_event(sid, data):
    print(『my_event』, data)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(『0.0.0.0『, 5000)

五、Python Socket.IO 客戶端編程

Python Socket.IO 客戶端編程也非常簡單，下面是一個簡單的 Python Socket.IO 客戶端示例：

import socketio

sio = socketio.Client()

@sio.on(『my response『)
def my_response(data):
    print(『my_response『, data)

sio.connect(『http://localhost:5000『)
sio.emit(『my event『, {『data』: 『my data『})

六、Python Socket.IO 實時通訊應用示例

Python Socket.IO 可以用於各種在線實時通訊應用，下面是一個在線遊戲示例：

# 伺服器端
import socketio
import json

sio = socketio.Server()
app = socketio.WSGIApp(sio)

room = {}
sid2room = {}

@sio.on('join')
def join(sid, data):
    roomid = data.get('roomid')
    nickname = data.get('nickname')
    sio.enter_room(sid, roomid)
    members = room.get(roomid, {}).get('members', [])
    members.append({'sid': sid, 'nickname': nickname})
    room[roomid] = {'members': members}
    sid2room[sid] = roomid
    sio.emit('join_response', room[roomid], room=roomid)
    sio.emit('members_response', room[roomid], room=roomid)

@sio.on('direction')
def direction(sid, data):
    roomid = sid2room[sid]
    sio.emit('direction_response', data, room=roomid, skip_sid=sid)

@sio.event
def disconnect(sid):
    roomid = sid2room.get(sid)
    if roomid:
        members = room.get(roomid, {}).get('members', [])
        members = [m for m in members if m['sid'] != sid]
        room[roomid]['members'] = members
        sio.emit('members_response', room[roomid], room=roomid)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

# 客戶端
import socketio
import pygame

sio = socketio.Client()

def run():
    pygame.init()
    size = width, height = 600, 400
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
    pygame.display.set_caption('Python Socket.IO Game Demo')
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    while True:
        clock.tick(30)
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                return
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    data = {'nickname': nickname, 'direction': 'left'}
                    sio.emit('direction', data)
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    data = {'nickname': nickname, 'direction': 'right'}
                    sio.emit('direction', data)
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    data = {'nickname': nickname, 'direction': 'up'}
                    sio.emit('direction', data)
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    data = {'nickname': nickname, 'direction': 'down'}
                    sio.emit('direction', data)
        sio.sleep(0.01)

@sio.on('connect')
def connect():
    print('connected')
    join_data = {'roomid': roomid, 'nickname': nickname}
    sio.emit('join', join_data)

@sio.on('join_response')
def join_response(data):
    print('join_response', data)

@sio.on('members_response')
def members_response(data):
    print('members_response', data)

@sio.on('direction_response')
def direction_response(data):
    print('direction_response', data)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    roomid = 'room1'
    nickname = 'player1'
    sio.connect('http://localhost:5000')
    run()