一、OAuth2簡介
OAuth2是目前比較流行的授權協議,該協議用於允許第三方應用訪問用戶在某個應用上存儲的資源,而不需要將用戶名和密碼提供給第三方應用或者分享用戶的資源。授權過程中需要用戶授權預先定義的權限範圍。
OAuth2授權協議有四種角色,分別是:資源所有者、資源服務器、客戶端和授權服務器。其中,資源所有者指的是用戶本人,資源服務器指的是存儲着受保護資源的服務器,客戶端是請求資源的應用程序,授權服務器則是認證用戶並授予訪問資源的服務器。
二、Spring Security OAuth2基礎
1、Spring Security OAuth2實現授權的方式
Spring Security OAuth2提供了多種授權模式,包括授權碼授權模式、密碼授權模式、簡化授權模式、客戶端模式等。
2、Spring Security OAuth2結構
Spring Security OAuth2將OAuth2授權協議的四個角色抽象成四個模塊,包括客戶端、授權服務器、資源服務器和用戶認證的API。其中,第三方應用通過客戶端來請求授權服務器,授權服務器驗證用戶身份並返回訪問令牌,然後第三方應用通過攜帶訪問令牌請求資源服務器獲取受保護資源。
Spring Security OAuth2結構包括以下幾個核心組件:
- AuthorizationEndpoint:授權端點處理授權請求,用戶通過授權端點認證自己並獲取訪問令牌。
- TokenEndpoint:令牌端點用於生成和返回訪問令牌和刷新令牌。
- TokenServices:用於生成訪問令牌。
- ClientDetailsService:管理客戶端信息,包括客戶端ID、密鑰、授權範圍等。
- UserDetailsService:管理用戶信息,包括用戶名、密碼和角色等。
三、Spring Security OAuth2與JWT
1、JWT簡介
JWT(JSON Web Token)是一種用於身份驗證和授權的Web標準,通過對JSON數據進行簽名和加密來實現安全的數據傳輸。Token是JWT最重要的概念,是一種輕量級的安全驗證憑證,在多個系統之間可以傳遞用於身份驗證。
2、Spring Security OAuth2結合JWT實現授權
Spring Security OAuth2默認使用基於Session-Stored Tokens的方式來管理令牌,但是在實際應用中,可以根據需要結合JWT來實現授權。
四、Spring Security OAuth2教程
1、基於授權碼的認證流程
授權碼授權模式是OAuth2中最常用的授權方式,具體步驟如下:
@GetMapping("/login") public String loginPage(Map model) { return "login"; } @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; @Autowired private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; @Bean public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() { JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter(); converter.setSigningKey("suztomo"); return converter; } @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.jdbc(dataSource); } @Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception { endpoints .authenticationManager(authenticationManager) .accessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter()) .userDetailsService(userDetailsService); } } @Configuration @EnableResourceServer public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter; @Override public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .csrf().disable() .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) .and() .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(new Http403ForbiddenEntryPoint()); } @Override public void configure(ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer resources) throws Exception { resources.tokenServices(tokenServices()).resourceId("resourceServer"); } @Bean public ResourceServerTokenServices tokenServices() { RemoteTokenServices tokenServices = new RemoteTokenServices(); tokenServices.setCheckTokenEndpointUrl("http://localhost:9090/oauth/check_token"); tokenServices.setClientId("clientId"); tokenServices.setClientSecret("clientSecret"); tokenServices.setAccessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter); return tokenServices; } }
2、基於密碼的認證流程
密碼授權模式是比較簡單的一種授權方式,具體步驟如下:
@GetMapping("/login") public String loginPage(Map model) { return "login"; } @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; @Autowired private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; @Bean public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() { JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter(); converter.setSigningKey("suztomo"); return converter; } @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.jdbc(dataSource); } @Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception { endpoints .authenticationManager(authenticationManager) .accessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter()) .userDetailsService(userDetailsService); } } @Configuration @EnableResourceServer public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter; @Override public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .csrf().disable() .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) .and() .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(new Http403ForbiddenEntryPoint()); } @Override public void configure(ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer resources) throws Exception { resources.tokenServices(tokenServices()).resourceId("resourceServer"); } @Bean public ResourceServerTokenServices tokenServices() { RemoteTokenServices tokenServices = new RemoteTokenServices(); tokenServices.setCheckTokenEndpointUrl("http://localhost:9090/oauth/check_token"); tokenServices.setClientId("clientId"); tokenServices.setClientSecret("clientSecret"); tokenServices.setAccessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter); return tokenServices; } }
3、基於客戶端的認證流程
客戶端授權模式是一種常見的OAuth2授權方式,具體步驟如下:
@GetMapping("/login") public String loginPage(Map model) { return "login"; } @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.jdbc(dataSource); } @Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception { endpoints .authenticationManager(authenticationManager) .approvalStoreDisabled() .tokenGranter(tokenGranter(endpoints)) .accessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter()); } private TokenGranter tokenGranter(final AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) { List granters = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(endpoints.getTokenGranter())); granters.add(new ClientTokenGranter(endpoints.getTokenServices(), endpoints.getClientDetailsService(), endpoints.getOAuth2RequestFactory())); return new CompositeTokenGranter(granters); } @Bean public ClientDetailsService clientDetailsService() { JdbcClientDetailsService jdbcClientDetailsService = new JdbcClientDetailsService(dataSource); jdbcClientDetailsService.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder()); return jdbcClientDetailsService; } @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.withClientDetails(clientDetailsService()); } } @Configuration @EnableResourceServer public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter; @Override public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .csrf().disable() .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) .and() .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(new Http403ForbiddenEntryPoint()); } @Override public void configure(ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer resources) throws Exception { resources.tokenServices(tokenServices()).resourceId("resourceServer"); } @Bean public ResourceServerTokenServices tokenServices() { RemoteTokenServices tokenServices = new RemoteTokenServices(); tokenServices.setCheckTokenEndpointUrl("http://localhost:9090/oauth/check_token"); tokenServices.setClientId("clientId"); tokenServices.setClientSecret("clientSecret"); tokenServices.setAccessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter); return tokenServices; } }
五、總結
Spring Security OAuth2是目前比較流行的授權協議之一,能夠幫助企業構建安全的互聯網應用。通過授權端點、令牌端點、客戶端和用戶認證的API等模塊,實現了OAuth2授權協議的四種角色。同時,Spring Security OAuth2還支持多種授權模式,包括授權碼授權模式、密碼授權模式、簡化授權模式和客戶端模式。
原創文章,作者:小藍,如若轉載,請註明出處:https://www.506064.com/zh-hk/n/300706.html