nginx高可用集群的部署與優化

一、nginx高可用集群部署

1、安裝nginx

# 安裝依賴包
yum install -y gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel

# 下載安裝包
wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.3.tar.gz 
tar zxvf nginx-1.17.3.tar.gz 
cd nginx-1.17.3 

# 配置
./configure 
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx 
--with-http_stub_status_module 
--with-http_ssl_module 

# 編譯
make 

# 安裝
make install

2、配置nginx集群

# 假設有兩台機器192.168.0.1和192.168.0.2，分別安裝好nginx

# 編輯nginx.conf
http {
    upstream myapp1 {
        server 192.168.0.1:8080 weight=5;
        server 192.168.0.2:8080;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  myapp.com;

        location / {
            proxy_pass  http://myapp1;
        }
    }
}

3、使用Keepalived實現負載均衡

# 安裝keepalived
yum install -y keepalived 

# 編輯keepalived.conf
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id nginx_lvs1
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER    # 主機為MASTER，備份機為BACKUP
    interface eth0  # 心跳檢測的網卡
    virtual_router_id 51 # 必須是一樣的
    priority 101  # 主機的優先級，備份機的默認是100
    advert_int 1 # 每秒發送一次心跳信息
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111 # 必須一樣
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.10.55/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1 # VIP，必須在同一個網段，必須在同一個子網內
    }
}

# 啟動keepalived
systemctl enable keepalived 
systemctl start keepalived

二、nginx高可用

1、nginx異步IO模型

nginx採用了異步的事件驅動模型，與傳統的阻塞式模型相比，它能夠更高效地將請求分發至後端服務器。

nginx的進程模型也非常優秀，主進程只負責管理子進程，子進程負責處理具體業務邏輯。當一個請求到來時，nginx會將其分配至一個子進程進行處理，其他子進程仍可正常工作。

因此，即使某個子進程掛了，不會影響整個服務的正常運作。另外，nginx還支持熱部署功能，可以在不停服的情況下更新服務，大大提高了系統的可用性。

2、nginx的健康檢查

nginx支持對後端服務器進行健康檢查，以保證服務的穩定性。常見的檢查方式包括輪詢檢查和主動健康檢查。

輪詢檢查是指nginx會輪流訪問每個後端服務器，檢查它們的健康狀態。如果某個後端服務器掛了，nginx會將其從服務列表中剔除，確保請求不會再分配至該服務器。

主動健康檢查是指nginx會定時向後端服務器發送特定的檢查請求（如ping指令或HTTP請求），如果後端服務器超時或返回異常結果，nginx也會將其從服務列表中剔除。

三、linux高可用集群

1、使用pacemaker和corosync實現linux高可用集群

# 安裝軟件包
yum install -y pacemaker pcs corosync

# 配置集群環境
pcs cluster auth node1 node2 -u hacluster -p password
pcs cluster setup --name my_cluster node1 node2
pcs cluster start --all

# 部署資源
pcs resource create nginx ocf:heartbeat:nginx \
configfile=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
statusurl=http://localhost:8080/nginx_status \
force_stop=true

# 部署VIP
pcs resource create vip ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \
ip=192.168.0.100 cidr_netmask=24 \
op monitor interval=30s

# 啟動
pcs constraint location nginx prefers node1=100 \
and nginx has_slave=false
pcs constraint location vip prefers node1=100 \
and vip has_slave=false

2、使用heartbeat和drbd實現linux高可用集群

# 安裝heartbeat和drbd軟件包
yum install -y heartbeat drbd84-utils

# 配置heartbeat
cp /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.5/authkeys /etc/ha.d/
chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys
echo "auth 1" >> /etc/ha.d/authkeys
echo "1 sha1 password" >> /etc/ha.d/authkeys

# 配置ha.cf
echo "logfile /var/log/ha-log" >> /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
echo "logfacility local0" >> /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
echo "keepalive 2" >> /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
echo "deadtime 15" >> /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
echo "bcast eth0" >> /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
echo "ucast eth1 192.168.1.2" >> /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
echo "ucast eth1 192.168.1.3" >> /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
echo "node drbd1 drbd2" >> /etc/ha.d/ha.cf

# 配置haresources
echo "drbd1 IPaddr::192.168.1.100/24/eth0/192.168.1.255 nginx" >> /etc/ha.d/haresources

# 啟動heartbeat
systemctl enable heartbeat
systemctl start heartbeat

# 配置DRBD
echo "resource r0 {" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "  protocol C;" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "  startup { wfc-timeout 15; degr-wfc-timeout 60; }" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "  disk {" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "    on-io-error detach;" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "  }" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "  net {" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "    cram-hmac-alg sha1;" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "    shared-secret-password password;" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "    after-sb-0pri discard-zero-changes;" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "    after-sb-1pri discard-secondary;" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "    after-sb-2pri call-pri-lost-after-sb;" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "  }" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf
echo "}" >> /etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf

echo "resource r0 {" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res
echo "  device /dev/drbd1;" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res
echo "  disk /dev/sdb1;" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res
echo "  meta-disk internal;" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res
echo "  on drbd1 {" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res
echo "    address 192.168.1.2:7788;" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res
echo "  }" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res
echo "  on drbd2 {" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res
echo "    address 192.168.1.3:7788;" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res
echo "  }" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res
echo "}" >> /etc/drbd.d/r0.res

# 啟動DRBD
systemctl enable drbd
systemctl start drbd

# 創建文件系統並掛載
mkfs.xfs /dev/drbd1
mkdir /mnt/drbd1
echo "/dev/drbd1 /mnt/drbd1 xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
mount /mnt/drbd1

四、nginx高可用session

1、使用memcached實現nginx高可用session

# 安裝memcached服務和擴展模塊
yum install -y memcached 
yum install -y php-pecl-memcached

# 修改php.ini文件
session.save_handler = memcached 
session.save_path = "127.0.0.1:11211"

# 修改nginx.conf文件
http {
    upstream myapp1 {
        server 192.168.0.1:8080 weight=5;
        server 192.168.0.2:8080;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  myapp.com;

        location / {
            proxy_pass  http://myapp1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

            # 將Session保存到memcached服務器上
            proxy_set_header SessionID $http_cookie;
            proxy_cache_bypass $http_cookie;
            proxy_cache_key $scheme$proxy_host$request_uri$cookie_SessionID;
        }
    }
}

2、使用Redis實現nginx高可用session

# 安裝Redis服務和擴展模塊
yum install -y redis 
yum install -y php-pecl-redis

# 修改php.ini文件
session.save_handler = redis 
session.save_path = "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379"

# 修改nginx.conf文件
http {
    upstream myapp1 {
        server 192.168.0.1:8080 weight=5;
        server 192.168.0.2:8080;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  myapp.com;

        location / {
            proxy_pass  http://myapp1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

            # 將Session保存到Redis服務器上
            proxy_set_header SessionID $http_cookie;
            proxy_cache_bypass $http_cookie;
            proxy_cache_key $scheme$proxy_host$request_uri$cookie_SessionID;
        }
    }
}

以上的實現方式都採用了代理服務器，將session保存在分佈式緩存中，以達到高可用的目的。

原創文章，作者：小藍，如若轉載，請註明出處：https://www.506064.com/zh-hk/n/185830.html

nginx高可用集群的部署與優化

一、nginx高可用集群部署

二、nginx高可用

三、linux高可用集群

四、nginx高可用session

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