restconf協議及其支持的http請求方法介紹

一、restconf概述

restconf是用於提供由網絡配置協議(netconf)管理的設備支持的基於RESTful的網頁應用程序的一種協議。restconf通過HTTP和HTTPS協議與開發人員和應用程序交互，以提供對設備的管理能力。

與netconf協議不同，restconf使用基於HTTP的RESTful架構，而不是基於xml的編碼架構，使得restconf相比於傳統的API接口響應速度更快、更易於擴展和更容易與雲計算服務集成。

二、restconf協議

restconf協議定義了用於獲取、設置和管理設備配置信息的接口。這些接口通過HTTP和HTTPS協議進行通信，支持GET、POST、PUT、PATCH和DELETE方法，以及可選的HEAD和OPTIONS方法。

restconf還支持基於XML和JSON的內容類型，這使得開發人員可以靈活地使用不同的數據格式。restconf還提供了一套通用的模型，用於描述設備、應用程序和服務的結構。

三、restconf支持的http請求方法

restconf支持的HTTP請求方法包括GET、POST、PUT、PATCH和DELETE方法，以及可選的HEAD和OPTIONS方法。下面是每種方法的介紹：

1. GET

GET方法用於檢索已經存在的資源的信息，例如獲取設備配置信息。

   GET /restconf/data/?module=

其中，是設備配置模塊的名稱，如interfaces、routing、system等。這個請求將返回與特定模塊相關的當前配置。

2. POST

POST方法用於創建新資源或修改現有資源。例如，使用POST方法可以創建新的設備配置或更改現有的設備配置。

   POST /restconf/data/?module=

其中，是設備配置模塊的名稱，如interfaces、routing、system等。POST請求的正文包含要創建或更新的設備配置的新數據。

3. PUT

PUT方法用於更新現有資源或創建新資源。PUT方法的語義與POST方法有些不同，PUT方法需要客戶端提供完整的資源表示。

   PUT /restconf/data/?module=

PUT請求的正文包含要創建或更新的設備配置的新數據。

4. PATCH

PATCH方法用於部分更新資源。PATCH方法允許客戶端僅發送要更改的資源的那一部分。

   PATCH /restconf/data/?module=

PATCH方法的正文包含要更改的設備配置的新數據。PATCH方法還支持merge和replace選項。merge選項僅更新指定的配置，而replace選項替換指定的配置。

5. DELETE

DELETE方法用於刪除現有的資源。

   DELETE /restconf/data/?module=

其中，是設備配置模塊的名稱，如interfaces、routing、system等。DELETE請求會刪除與指定模塊相關的配置。

四、netconf和restconf的區別

netconf是用於管理設備配置的網絡協議，基於xml編碼，使用SSH安全協議連接設備。netconf提供了強大的設備配置管理功能，但其響應速度較慢，不太適合雲環境中需要快速響應的應用程序。

restconf使用基於HTTP的RESTful架構，速度更快、更易擴展、更容易與雲服務集成。restconf支持基於XML和JSON的內容類型，這使得開發人員可以靈活地使用不同的數據格式，與netconf相比更具有靈活性。

五、示例代碼

1. GET請求代碼示例

HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces";
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
httpGet.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken);

HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpGet);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();

if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    EntityUtils.consume(entity);

    // 處理響應結果
} else {
    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
    throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}

2. POST請求代碼示例

HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces";
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
httpPost.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken);

String requestBody = "gigabitethernet1/0/1true";
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));

HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();

if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_CREATED) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    EntityUtils.consume(entity);

    // 處理響應結果
} else {
    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
    throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}

3. PUT請求代碼示例

HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces";
HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
httpPut.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
httpPut.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken);

String requestBody = "gigabitethernet1/0/1true";
httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));

HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPut);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();

if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    EntityUtils.consume(entity);

    // 處理響應結果
} else {
    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
    throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}

4. PATCH請求代碼示例

HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces";
HttpPatch httpPatch = new HttpPatch(url);
httpPatch.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
httpPatch.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken);

String requestBody = "gigabitethernet1/0/1new description";
httpPatch.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));

HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPatch);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();

if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    EntityUtils.consume(entity);

    // 處理響應結果
} else {
    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
    throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}

5. DELETE請求代碼示例

HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces";
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
httpDelete.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
httpDelete.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken);

HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpDelete);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();

if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    EntityUtils.consume(entity);

    // 處理響應結果
} else {
    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
    throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}