RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0使用指南

RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0是一個開源的消息隊列軟件，官方網站為https://www.rabbitmq.com，本文將為你講解如何使用RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0實現消息通信。

一、安裝RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0

RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0能支持跨平台而開發的服務器版本，可以安裝在Linux（Fedora, RHEL, CentOS）、 macOS、Windows，核心的代碼使用Erlang語言編寫，不同平台的安裝方式略有不同，下面我們以CentOS操作系統為例進行說明。

1.安裝Erlang

sudo yum install erlang

2.安裝RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0

sudo wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v3.8.0/rabbitmq-server-3.8.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
sudo rpm --import https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/2.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
sudo yum install rabbitmq-server-3.8.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm

3.啟動RabbitMQ Server

sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service

二、RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0的使用

1.連接到RabbitMQ Server

RabbitMQ Server的默認端口為5672，許多客戶端和庫都支持RabbitMQ Server與服務器之間的要求，下面是Python和Java兩種語言的示例代碼：

Python代碼：

import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

Java代碼：

import java.io.IOException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class Producer {
  private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
  public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
    ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
    factory.setHost("localhost");
    try (Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel()) {
      channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
      String message = "Hello World!";
      channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
      System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
    }
  }
}

2.創建、發送和接收消息

RabbitMQ Server的基本概念是在Producers和Consumers之間傳遞消息，下面是創建，發送和接收消息的例子:

Python代碼：

import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello', body='Hello World!')
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")

Java代碼：

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
public class Consumer {
  private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
  public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
    ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
    factory.setHost("localhost");
    Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
    Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
    channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
    System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
    DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
        String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
        System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
    };
    channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> { });
  }
}

三、集成RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0

RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0不僅能夠實現生產者的功能，還可以與Spring Boot等框架進行集成，下面是使用Spring Boot集成RabbitMQ的例子：

spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/

1.發送消息

@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
...
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello", message);

2.接收消息

@RabbitListener(queues = "hello")
public void receive(String message) {
    System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
}

四、安全性

RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0提供了許多安全性措施來確保服務器和客戶端之間的安全通信，包括SSL、SASL和防止DDoS攻擊等，下面是一些安全性示例：

1.SSL

ssl_options = {
    "ca_certs": "/path/to/ca_certificate",
    "ssl_certfile": "/path/to/client_certificate",
    "ssl_keyfile": "/path/to/client_key",
    "verify_hostname": False
}
connection_params = pika.ConnectionParameters(host="localhost", port=5671, ssl=True, ssl_options=ssl_options)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(connection_params)

2.SASL

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("username", "password")
connection_params = pika.ConnectionParameters(host="localhost", port=5672, credentials=credentials)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(connection_params)

3.DDoS攻擊防範

sudo rabbitmqctl set_connection_backpressure_threshold  

總結

本文對RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0進行了全面概述，包括安裝與使用，集成Spring Boot，安全性等。在許多場景下，使用RabbitMQ Server 3.8.0都能極大地提升數據處理的速度和可靠性。