英語16種時態的詳細解析

一、一般現在時

1. 描述經常發生的動作或狀態。

She plays basketball every week.
Tom loves pizza.

2. 表示客觀事實。

The earth rotates around the sun.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

3. 提示現在的情況或狀態。

I am currently working on a project.
The weather is beautiful today.

二、一般過去時

1. 描述過去發生的動作或狀態。

I studied in Japan for 2 years.
They were happy at the party.

2. 表示過去的習慣。

I used to swim every morning when I was young.
My sister always read books before bed when she was a child.

3. 表示過去的客觀事實。

The Titanic sank in 1912.
It rained heavily yesterday.

三、一般將來時

1. 描述將來要發生的動作。

I will travel to Paris next month.
We will have a meeting tomorrow.

2. 表示打算或意圖做某事。

I am going to study harder to pass the exam.
My brother is planning to start a new business.

3. 表示對未來的預言或預測。

Experts predict that the population will grow by 2% next year.
It will rain tomorrow according to the weather forecast.

四、現在進行時

1. 描述正在進行的動作。

I am currently writing an article.
They are playing football now.

2. 表示暫時的、正在進行的狀況。

She is feeling tired today.
He is studying hard for the exam.

3. 表示為將來安排的行動。

I am meeting my friend at the train station tomorrow.
They are leaving for New York next week.

五、過去進行時

1. 描述過去正在進行的動作。

I was writing an email when you called me.
They were playing tennis at that time.

2. 表示過去某一時刻正在進行的狀況。

He was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.
She was cooking dinner at 6pm yesterday.

3. 表示過去某一瞬間的發生。

I was walking down the street when I heard a loud noise.
They were talking to each other when I arrived.

六、過去完成時

1. 描述過去某一時刻之前已經完成的動作。

I had finished my homework before my parents came back.
They had studied English for 5 years before they went to America.

2. 表示兩個過去動作中先發生的動作，常與表示過去的時間連用。

He had gone to bed before the phone rang.
I had left the office when my boss came back.

3. 表示對過去情況的描寫或評價。

She had become a famous singer by the age of 20.
They had built a new stadium for the Olympics.

七、將來進行時

1. 描述將來某一時刻正在進行的動作。

She will be cooking dinner at 7pm tomorrow.
They will be watching a movie at the cinema this time tomorrow.

2. 表示將來某一時刻正在持續的狀況。

I will be working in the office next week.
They will be traveling around Europe for a month.

3. 表示對未來的預計或打算。

I will be studying abroad for a year starting from September.
He will be retiring in 5 years.

八、已完成時

1. 描述已經發生的動作產生的影響。

I have finished my work, so I can go home now.
They have cleaned the room, so it's neat and tidy.

2. 表示過去一段時間內發生的動作。

We have traveled to many countries in the last 10 years.
He has read 20 books this month.

3. 表示已發生但是不確定是否對未來有影響。

She has lost her phone, but she doesn't know where it is.
They have sold their car, but they haven't bought a new one yet.

九、現在完成進行時

1. 描述一個動作從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在並可能會繼續下去。

I have been studying English for 2 years.
He has been working for this company since 2010.

2. 表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在並可能會持續下去的狀態。

She has been living in this city for 5 years.
They have been married for 10 years.

3. 表示過去一段時間內持續進行的動作對現在的影響。

I have been exercising regularly, so I feel healthier.
He has been studying hard, so he has made great progress.

十、過去完成進行時

1. 描述過去某一時刻開始一直持續到另一個過去時刻的動作。

I had been working on the project for 3 months before I got promoted.
They had been living in this city for 2 years before they moved to another place.

2. 表示過去一段時間內持續進行的動作對另一個過去的影響。

She had been practicing the piano for hours, so she was exhausted.
They had been studying for the exam for days, so they felt nervous.

3. 表示在過去某一時刻前一段時間一直在進行的動作。

I had been waiting for him for an hour before he finally came.
They had been working on the project for 2 weeks before they finished it.

十一、虛擬將來時

1. 表示想象、猜測等的情況。

If I had enough money, I would buy a house.
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.

2. 表示假設、推斷等的情況。

If I were you, I would take a break and relax.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.

3. 表示請求、建議等的情況。

If you could help me, I would be grateful.
If you don't mind, could you turn down the music a little bit?

十二、過去完成將來時

1. 表示在過去某一時間點之前將來要發生的動作。

By the time I arrived, they would have finished the meeting.
Before he left, I would have told him the truth.

2. 表示一種揣測的情況。

If they had taken a different approach, they would have succeeded.
If I had known that, I would have done it differently.

3. 表示一種幻想、假設的情況。

If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a private island.
If he had been taller, he would have become a basketball player.

十三、被動語態

1. 表示動作的承受者或做事的對象。

The book was written by a famous author.
The car was repaired by a mechanic.

2. 表示強調動作承受者或做事對象。

The cake was made by my mother herself.
The project was finished by the team in just one week.

3. 表示不知道動作的執行者。

The new building has not been completed yet.
The stolen bike has not been found by the police.

十四、現在完成被動語態

1. 表示動作的承受者或做事對象一直是這樣的狀態。

The book has always been loved by readers.
The hotel has always been managed by a professional team.

2. 表示動作的承受者或做事對象在過去一段時間內一直是這樣的狀態。

The house has been rented by a nice family for 5 years.
The school has been supported by the local community for a long time.

3. 表示動作的承受者或做事對象一直被進行某種操作影響。

The computer has been infected by a virus and needs to be repaired.
The painting has been damaged by water and needs to be restored.

十五、過去被動語態

1. 表示動作的承受者或做事對象在過去某一時刻被執行。

The letter was sent yesterday.
The decision was made by the committee last week.

2. 表示動作的承受者或做事對象在過去一段時間內被執行，且對結果產生了影響。

The bridge was repaired for a month after the storm.
The building was renovated last year and looks much better now.

3. 表示對某件事情的陳述強調做事的對象。

The meal was cooked by a famous chef.
The speech was delivered by the president himself.

十六、將來被動語態

1. 表示動作的承受者或做事對象在將來某一時刻將被執行。

The product will be launched next month.
The tickets will be sold out soon.

2. 表示強調動作的承受者或做事對象。

The party will be hosted by my friend.
The report will be presented by the manager.

3. 表示將來某一時刻動作的承受者或做事對象將處於某種狀態。

The room will be cleaned before the guests arrive.
The car will be repaired as soon as possible.