App測試點全面解析

一、用戶體驗測試

用戶體驗是評估一個APP是否好用的重要指標，開發過程中需要進行全面測試。

1、界面測試

// 界面測試代碼示例：
public void testInterface() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    onView(withText("註冊")).check(matches(isClickable()));
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_username)).perform(typeText("test"), closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_password)).perform(typeText("123456"), closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).perform(click());
    onView(withText("登錄成功")).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
}

2、功能測試

// 功能測試代碼示例：
public void testFunction() {
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_search)).perform(typeText("test"), closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withId(R.id.button_search)).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.text_result)).check(matches(withText("搜索結果：test")));
}

3、易用性測試

易用性測試需要模擬用戶的操作行為，從而評估APP的易用性。

// 易用性測試代碼示例：
public void testUsability() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).perform(scrollTo(), click());
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_username)).perform(replaceText(""));
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_password)).perform(replaceText(""));
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).perform(click());
    onView(withText("請輸入用戶名和密碼")).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
}

二、設備兼容性測試

在不同設備上測試，發現並修復因使用不同設備和系統而引起的問題。

1、不同分辨率測試

// 不同分辨率測試代碼示例：
public void testResolution() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button)).perform(click());
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
        onView(withText("Popup Window")).inRoot(isPlatformPopup()).perform(click());
    } else {
        onView(withText("Popup Window")).perform(click());
    }
    onView(withId(R.id.popup_text)).check(matches(withText("Popup Window")));
}

2、不同操作系統測試

// 不同操作系統測試代碼示例：
public void testOS() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button)).perform(click());
    onView(withText("Android OS")).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.os_text)).check(matches(withText("Android OS")));
}

3、不同設備測試

// 不同設備測試代碼示例：
public void testDevice() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button)).perform(click());
    if ("Tablet".equals(getDeviceType())) {
        onView(withText("Tablet")).perform(click());
    } else {
        onView(withText("Phone")).perform(click());
    }
    onView(withId(R.id.device_text)).check(matches(withText(getDeviceType())));
}

三、安全性測試

APP應該保證用戶的信息安全，防止數據泄露和其他安全問題。

1、離線數據安全測試

// 離線數據安全測試代碼示例：
public void testOfflineDataSecurity() {
    password = "123456";
    String hash = encrypt(password);
    saveHash(hash);
    String savedHash = loadHash();
    assertEquals(hash, savedHash);
}

2、網絡數據傳輸安全測試

// 網絡數據傳輸安全測試代碼示例：
public void testNetworkDataSecurity() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_username)).perform(typeText("test"), closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_password)).perform(typeText("123456"), closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).perform(click());

    // 攔截網絡請求，模擬HTTPS中間人攻擊
    MockWebServer server = new MockWebServer();
    server.setProtocol("http/1.0");
    server.useHttps(getSslContext().getSocketFactory(), false);
    server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setBody("登錄成功"));
    server.start();
    HttpUrl url = server.url("/api/login");
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_url)).perform(replaceText(url.toString()));
    onView(withId(R.id.button_send)).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.text_result)).check(matches(withText("網絡請求異常")));
}

3、權限測試

// 權限測試代碼示例：
public void testPermission() {
    List deniedPermissions = checkPermissions();
    if (!deniedPermissions.isEmpty()) {
        grantPermissions(deniedPermissions);
    }
    onView(withId(R.id.button_camera)).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.image_preview)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
}

四、性能測試

通過不斷的性能測試，優化APP的性能。

1、CPU和內存測試

// CPU和內存測試代碼示例：
public void testCPUAndMemory() {
    int count = 1000000;
    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        Math.sqrt(i);
    }
    long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long time = endTime - startTime;
    assertTrue("CPU測試失敗，執行時間超過1秒。", time < 1000);

    Activity activity = getActivity();
    Debug.MemoryInfo memoryInfo = new Debug.MemoryInfo();
    Debug.getMemoryInfo(memoryInfo);
    long usedMemory = memoryInfo.getTotalPss() * 1024;
    assertTrue("內存測試失敗，內存使用量超過100MB。", usedMemory < 100 * 1024 * 1024);
}

2、網絡速度測試

// 網絡速度測試代碼示例：
public void testNetworkSpeed() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button_download)).perform(click());
    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    onView(withId(R.id.progress_bar)).perform(waitUntil(progressIs(100)), click());
    long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long time = (endTime - startTime) / 1000;
    assertTrue("網絡速度測試失敗，下載時間超過10秒。", time < 10);
}

3、電量消耗測試

// 電量消耗測試代碼示例：
public void testBatteryConsumption() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button_play)).perform(click());
    sleep(30000);
    onView(withId(R.id.button_pause)).perform(click());

    IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
    Intent intent = getContext().registerReceiver(null, intentFilter);
    int level = intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_LEVEL, -1);
    assertTrue("電量消耗測試失敗，電量下降過快。", level > 70);
}