一、JavaHttpRequest簡介
JavaHttpRequest是一款基於Java語言開發的http請求工具，可以用於實現Java程序對HTTP接口進行調用。它支持多種請求方法、參數設置、數據傳輸等，使用簡單方便，而且還提供了豐富的回調函數，方便用戶對響應數據進行處理。
二、JavaHttpRequest的使用
1、引入JavaHttpRequest庫
在使用JavaHttpRequest之前，需要先引入相關的庫文件。我們通過maven來引入：
org.apache.httpcomponents
httpclient
4.5.13
org.apache.httpcomponents
httpmime
4.5.13
org.apache.httpcomponents
httpcore
4.4.13
com.alibaba
fastjson
1.2.62
org.projectlombok
lombok
1.18.22
provided
org.slf4j
slf4j-api
1.7.32
2、JavaHttpRequest請求示例
下面我們給出JavaHttpRequest的具體使用示例：
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
@Slf4j
public class HttpRequest {
public static final String METHOD_GET = "GET";
public static final String METHOD_POST = "POST";
public static final String METHOD_PUT = "PUT";
public static final String METHOD_DELETE = "DELETE";
/**
* 發送HTTP請求
*
* @param url
* @param method
* @param headers
* @param params
* @return
*/
@SneakyThrows
public static HttpResponseEntity doHttpRequest(String url, String method, JSONObject headers, JSONObject params) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpResponse httpResponse;
if (METHOD_GET.equals(method)) { // GET
String queryString = RequestParamsUtil.getQueryString(params);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url + "?" + queryString);
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpGet.setHeader(key, headers.getString(key));
}
httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
} else if (METHOD_POST.equals(method)) { // POST
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headers.getString(key));
}
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(params.toJSONString(), ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
} else if (METHOD_PUT.equals(method)) { // PUT
HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpPut.setHeader(key, headers.getString(key));
}
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(params.toJSONString(), ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
httpPut.setEntity(entity);
httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPut);
} else if (METHOD_DELETE.equals(method)) { // DELETE
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpDelete.setHeader(key, headers.getString(key));
}
httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("http method not support");
}
HttpResponseEntity res = new HttpResponseEntity();
res.setStatusCode(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
if (httpEntity != null) {
res.setContent(EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "UTF-8"));
}
return res;
}
/**
* 發送HTTP請求
*
* @param url
* @param method
* @param headers
* @param payload
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String doHttpRequest(String url, String method, JSONObject headers, String payload) throws IOException {
HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase requestBase = null;
if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
requestBase = new HttpPost(url);
} else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("put")) {
requestBase = new HttpPut(url);
} else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("delete")) {
requestBase = new HttpDeleteWithBody(url);
}
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
requestBase.setHeader(key, headers.getString(key));
}
if (payload != null && !payload.isEmpty()) {
requestBase.setEntity(new StringEntity(payload, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON));
}
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(requestBase);
String result = null;
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
httpclient.close();
return result;
}
}
三、JavaHttpRequest的參數設置
1、HTTP請求頭設置
使用JavaHttpRequest進行請求時，可能需要設置HTTP請求頭，可以通過以下方法來實現：
JSONObject headers = new JSONObject();
headers.put("Content-Type", "application/json");
headers.put("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);
HttpResponseEntity responseEntity = HttpRequest.doHttpRequest(url, "POST", headers, requestBody);
log.info(responseEntity.getContent());
2、HTTP請求參數設置
除了設置HTTP請求頭之外，我們還需要設置HTTP請求參數，在JavaHttpRequest中，我們可以使用JSONObject對象來設置請求參數，具體示例如下：
JSONObject params = new JSONObject();
params.put("username", "admin");
params.put("password", "123456");
HttpResponseEntity responseEntity = HttpRequest.doHttpRequest(url, "POST", null, params);
log.info(responseEntity.getContent());
四、JavaHttpRequest的響應處理
1、獲取HTTP響應碼
在JavaHttpRequest中，我們可以通過HttpResponseEntity對象來獲取HTTP響應碼，具體示例如下：
HttpResponseEntity responseEntity = HttpRequest.doHttpRequest(url, "GET", null, null);
int statusCode = responseEntity.getStatusCode();
log.info("statusCode: {}", statusCode);
2、獲取HTTP響應頭
除了獲取HTTP響應碼之外，我們還可以獲取HTTP響應頭信息，具體示例如下：
HttpResponseEntity responseEntity = HttpRequest.doHttpRequest(url, "GET", null, null);
Map headers = responseEntity.getHeaders();
for (String key : headers.keySet()){
log.info(key + ": " + headers.get(key));
}
3、獲取HTTP響應內容
最重要的是獲取HTTP響應內容，JavaHttpRequest提供了很多種獲取響應內容的方法，包括獲取字符串、文件、流等，具體示例如下：
HttpResponseEntity responseEntity = HttpRequest.doHttpRequest(url, "POST", headers, requestBody);
String content = responseEntity.getContent(); // 獲取響應字符串
log.info("response content: {}", content);
此外，JavaHttpRequest還提供了其他的處理方法，如獲取響應流、獲取響應文件等，具體請參見官方文檔。
五、JavaHttpRequest的異常處理
在JavaHttpRequest中，如果請求失敗或出現異常，會拋出異常，我們需要對異常進行捕獲和處理，具體示例如下：
try {
HttpResponseEntity responseEntity = HttpRequest.doHttpRequest(url, "GET", null, null);
int statusCode = responseEntity.getStatusCode();
log.info("statusCode: {}", statusCode);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("http request error", e);
}
六、小結
JavaHttpRequest是一款優秀的http請求工具，支持多種請求方法、參數設置、數據傳輸等，並提供了豐富的回調函數，方便用戶對響應數據進行處理。本文從JavaHttpRequest的介紹、使用、參數設置、響應處理以及異常處理等多個方面進行詳細介紹，希望能夠對廣大Java開發者有所幫助。
原創文章，作者：PKGH，如若轉載，請註明出處：https://www.506064.com/zh-hant/n/138767.html
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