本文主要介绍Javantp对时的实现方法和优化技巧,帮助开发者解决在分布式系统中对时的问题。
一、JavaNTP简介
JavaNTP是JAVA平台下的一款NTP协议的实现。NTP协议是网络时间协议(Network Time Protocol)的简称,是用来使计算机时间同步化的一种协议。它可以使网络中的计算机时间保持一致,以解决时间同步的问题。
二、实现方法
使用JavaNTP实现对时主要分为以下几个步骤:
1. 创建UDP套接字,指定NTP服务器IP地址和NTP服务器端口;
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("ntp1.aliyun.com");
int port = 123; // NTP服务器端口
2. 构造NTP请求报文;
// 由于时区问题,需要减去服务器时间距离协调世界时的偏移量
long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() - 2208988800000L;
byte[] data = new byte[48];
data[0] = 0x1B; // 指定协议版本号和命令类型
for (int i = 1; i <= 47; i++) {
data[i] = 0x0;
}
// 在请求报文中添加本地发送时间戳和接收时间戳
long localSenderTime = System.nanoTime();
ByteUtils.write(timestamp, data, 40);
ByteUtils.write(localSenderTime / 1000000L, data, 24);
3. 向NTP服务器发送请求报文;
DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length, address, port);
socket.send(request);
4. 接收服务器的响应报文,并解析其中的时间戳信息;
DatagramPacket response = new DatagramPacket(new byte[48], 48);
socket.receive(response);
long localReceiverTime = System.nanoTime();
long ntpRefTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 32) - 2208988800000L;
long ntpReceiveTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 40) - 2208988800000L;
long ntpTransmitTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 24) - 2208988800000L;
long delay = (localReceiverTime - localSenderTime) / 2; // 时延
long offset = ((ntpReceiveTime - localSenderTime) + (ntpTransmitTime - localReceiverTime)) / 2; // 偏移量
long ntpTime = ntpRefTime + offset; // NTP时间,即当前时间
三、优化技巧
1. 使用连接池避免频繁创建和销毁套接字;
// 创建连接池
NTPUDPClientPool pool = new NTPUDPClientPool();
// 从连接池中获取客户端实例
NTPUDPClient client = pool.borrowObject();
try {
// 发送和接收数据
} finally {
// 归还客户端实例到连接池
pool.returnObject(client);
}
2. 减少对NTP服务器的请求频率,可以使用缓存和定时器等机制;
public class NtpTimeSync {
// NTP服务器地址
private String server;
// 本地时间戳
private long timestamp;
// NTP时间戳
private long ntpTime;
// 上次同步时间
private long lastSyncTime;
// 获取当前时间
public synchronized long currentTimeMillis() {
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 缓存NTP时间,避免频繁请求
if (now - lastSyncTime > 60000) {
sync();
lastSyncTime = now;
}
return ntpTime + (now - timestamp);
}
// 同步时间
public synchronized void sync() {
// 发送NTP请求
// 解析NTP响应
ntpTime = ...
timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
}
3. 根据实际应用场景选择合适的NTP服务器,并且可以通过Ping测试选择时延较小的服务器;
4. 遇到网络超时等异常情况时可以进行重试,或者选择备用NTP服务器。
四、代码示例
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("ntp1.aliyun.com");
int port = 123;
byte[] data = new byte[48];
data[0] = 0x1B;
for (int i = 1; i <= 47; i++) {
data[i] = 0x0;
}
long localSenderTime = System.nanoTime();
long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() - 2208988800000L;
ByteUtils.write(timestamp, data, 40);
ByteUtils.write(localSenderTime / 1000000L, data, 24);
DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length, address, port);
socket.send(request);
DatagramPacket response = new DatagramPacket(new byte[48], 48);
socket.receive(response);
long localReceiverTime = System.nanoTime();
long ntpRefTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 32) - 2208988800000L;
long ntpReceiveTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 40) - 2208988800000L;
long ntpTransmitTime = ByteUtils.readLong(response.getData(), 24) - 2208988800000L;
long delay = (localReceiverTime - localSenderTime) / 2;
long offset = ((ntpReceiveTime - localSenderTime) + (ntpTransmitTime - localReceiverTime)) / 2;
long ntpTime = ntpRefTime + offset;
System.out.println("NTP time: " + new Date(ntpTime));
}
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