从多个方面详解Coremark性能测试

一、Coremark简介

Coremark是一个由EEMBC（嵌入式微处理器基准委员会）开发的综合性测试，该测试可测量处理器的运行速度、内存速度、总线速度和I/O速度等因素。该测试与特定处理器器架构无关，在评估性能时更加客观准确。

二、Coremark测试适用的处理器

Coremark性能测试适用于所有类型的处理器，包括微控制器、微处理器和单片机等。该测试覆盖多个处理器的指令集和操作系统，并且可以在不同的编译器和优化级别下进行测试。

三、Coremark测试优势

Coremark测试具有以下优势：

1、可被广泛接受的基准测试。

2、代表综合性能而不是单一特性。

3、足够简洁以进行常规测试。

4、容易比较结果和公开的表格。

四、Coremark测试原理

Coremark测试是由一系列作为基准的C程序构成的，这些程序涉及多个任务以测试处理器的性能和能力。测试结果是基于一个标准分数，可以比较不同处理器的实际性能。

五、Coremark测试应用

Coremark测试可用于以下应用方面：

1、处理器厂商进行处理器性能评估和优化。

2、系统开发者评估和优化系统性能。

3、处理器和系统选择。

六、Coremark测试实例

下面是一个基本的Coremark测试C程序示例：

/* CoreMark test program */
/* Sponsored by CoreMark Committee and EEMBC */
/* Copyright (C) Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium (EEMBC)
 * and Performa SRL(a Silvaco company) 2010-2016. All rights are reserved.  */
/* Test application configuration */
#ifndef ITERATIONS
#define ITERATIONS 20000
#endif
#ifndef COMPILER
#define COMPILER "GCC"
#endif
#define UNUSED(x) (void)(x) /* for GNU */

/* Include files */
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

/* Local Constants */
#define VER "1.0.1"
#define MEM_STATIC 0
#define MEM_MALLOC 1
#define MEM_METHOD MEM_MALLOC
#define SEED_1 0x1234567L
#define SEED_2 0x56789ABL
#define SEED_3 0x9ABCDEF0L
#define UNROLL 8
#define COMPUTE_SIZE 1
#define MEM_SIZE ((size_t)1024*(size_t)8)
#define MAXBLOCKSIZE ((size_t)256)
#define C_ITERATIONS (ITERATIONS/UNROLL)

/* Local regression parameters */
#if defined(MEM_METHOD) && (MEM_METHOD==MEM_STATIC)
#define STATIC_PERFORMANCE_COPY_JPEG    "21.34"
#define STATIC_PERFORMANCE_DECODE_JPEG  "75.02"
#define STATIC_PERFORMANCE_UNPACK_TAR   "27.91"
#define STATIC_PERFORMANCE_GSM          "33.11"
#define STATIC_PERFORMANCE_CRC32        "57.68"
#define STATIC_PERFORMANCE_SHA          "57.67"
#endif

/* Local variables */
static int seed1 = SEED_1;
static int seed2 = SEED_2;
static int seed3 = SEED_3;
static size_t block_size = 0;
static size_t *memblock;
static size_t memblock_size = MEM_SIZE;

/* Data */
#include "data.h"

/* Local functions */
static double CoreMark_main(size_t value);
static unsigned int get_seed(unsigned int seed);

/* Local memory functions */
#if defined(MEM_METHOD) && (MEM_METHOD == MEM_MALLOC)
static void *portable_malloc(size_t size) { return malloc(size); }
static void portable_free(void *p) { free(p); }
#define MEM_METHOD_DESC "C library malloc/free"
#elif defined(MEM_METHOD) && (MEM_METHOD==MEM_STATIC)
#define MAX_MEMBLOCKS 10
static size_t static_memory[MAX_MEMBLOCKS][MEM_SIZE/sizeof(size_t)];
static size_t *static_memblock = static_memory[0];
static int next_memblock = 1;
static void *portable_malloc(size_t size) {
    void *p = NULL;
    if (size > MEM_SIZE)
        return NULL;
    if ((static_memblock-memblock)+size > MEM_SIZE) {
        if (next_memblock == MAX_MEMBLOCKS)
            return NULL;
        static_memblock = static_memory[next_memblock++];
    }
    p = static_memblock;
    static_memblock += size;
    return p;
}
static void portable_free(void *p) { UNUSED(p); return; }
#define MEM_METHOD_DESC "static array"
#elif defined(MEM_METHOD) && (MEM_METHOD==MEM_STACK)
/* This is to test stack allocation */
#define MEM_METHOD_DESC "stack area"
static void *portable_malloc(size_t size) { return NULL; }
static void portable_free(void *p) { UNUSED(p); return; }
#elif defined(MEM_METHOD) && (MEM_METHOD==MEM_LOCAL)
/* This is to test incorrect MADVISE settings, needs root privilege */
#define MEM_METHOD_DESC "local malloc/free"
static void *portable_malloc(size_t size) { return malloc(size); }
static void portable_free(void *p) { free(p); }
static void local_malloc_setup(void) {
#include 
#include 
    long i, pagesize = getpagesize();
    size_t maxsize = MEM_SIZE * MAXBLOCKSIZE / UNROLL;
    char *p = (char *)malloc(maxsize+pagesize);
    memblock = (size_t*)(p + pagesize - ((size_t)p % pagesize));
    for (i=0; i 3) {
        memblock[size-1] = seed1;
        memblock[size-2] = seed2;
        memblock[size-3] = seed3;
        size -= 3;
    }

#if (defined(MEM_METHOD) && (MEM_METHOD==MEM_STATIC))
    block_size = MAXBLOCKSIZE  MAXBLOCKSIZE)
        block_size = MAXBLOCKSIZE;
    while (block_size > 8 && (portable_malloc(block_size) == NULL))
        block_size -= 8;
    portable_free(memblock);
    memblock = NULL;
#else
    block_size = MAXBLOCKSIZE <= memblock_size/UNROLL ? MAXBLOCKSIZE : (memblock_size/UNROLL);
#endif
#endif
    /* Run the benchmark */
    final_score = CoreMark_main(block_size);

    /* Print the results */
    printf("CoreMark Size    : %zu\n", (size_t)(block_size*UNROLL));
    printf("Iterations/Sec   : %.2f\n", final_score);
    printf("Compiler   : %s\n", COMPILER);
#if defined(MEM_METHOD)
    printf("Memory     : %s %s\n",
        MEM_METHOD_DESC,
        MEM_METHOD==MEM_STATIC?"":(MEM_METHOD==MEM_LOCAL?"":(MEM_METHOD==MEM_STACK?"":"default C library")));
#endif
    printf("Seed       : %d,%d,%d\n", seed1, seed2, seed3);

    return 0;
}

七、总结

通过对Coremark的详细阐述，我们了解到了Coremark测试的原理和应用场景，以及如何通过测试程序测试处理器的性能和能力。使用Coremark测试可以提高处理器的效率，选择更好的系统和处理器，更好地满足客户和市场需求。

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