华为防火墙配置详解

华为防火墙是一款功能强大的网络安全产品，除了基本的防火墙功能外，还提供了许多高级的安全策略配置。本文将从多个方面对华为防火墙配置进行详细阐述，帮助读者更好地掌握该产品。

一、基本配置

1、IP地址配置

[USG]sysname USG
[USG]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[USG]save

2、防火墙规则配置

[USG]firewall zone trust
[USG-firewall-zone-trust]add interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[USG-firewall-zone-trust]quit
[USG]firewall zone untrust
[USG-firewall-zone-untrust]add interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[USG-firewall-zone-untrust]quit
[USG]firewall interzone trust untrust
[USG-firewall-interzone-trust-untrust]detect ftp
[USG-firewall-interzone-trust-untrust]policy accept
[USG-firewall-interzone-trust-untrust]quit
[USG]save

二、高级配置

1、流量控制

1.1 带宽管理

[USG]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]traffic-shaping cir 20000 cbs 2000000 pir 30000
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

1.2 QoS

[USG]traffic classifier tcp port1 operator and
[USG-classifier-tcp-port1]if-match acl 3015
[USG-classifier-tcp-port1]quit
[USG]traffic classifier udp port2 operator and
[USG-classifier-udp-port2]if-match acl 3016
[USG-classifier-udp-port2]quit
[USG]traffic behavior tcp priority
[USG-behavior-tcp-priority]car cir 40000 cbs 2000000 green pass yellow discard
[USG-behavior-tcp-priority]queue length 2000
[USG-behavior-tcp-priority]quit
[USG]traffic behavior udp normal
[USG-behavior-udp-normal]quit
[USG]traffic policy tcp-udp
[USG-trafficpolicy-tcp-udp]classifier tcp port1 behavior tcp priority
[USG-trafficpolicy-tcp-udp]classifier udp port2 behavior udp normal
[USG-trafficpolicy-tcp-udp]quit
[USG]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]traffic-policy tcp-udp inbound
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

2、安全威胁防范

2.1 DDoS防御

[USG]ddos protect-template tpl1
[USG-ddos-protect-template-tpl1]blacklist duration 60
[USG-ddos-protect-template-tpl1]log enable
[USG-ddos-protect-template-tpl1]quit
[USG]ddos policy policy1
[USG-ddos-policy-policy1]mitigate-time 300
[USG-ddos-policy-policy1]undo enable
[USG-ddos-policy-policy1]template tpl1
[USG-ddos-policy-policy1]quit
[USG]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ddos policy policy1 inbound

2.2 IPS/AV

[USG]object security security1
[USG-object-security-security1]threat-type web-attack
[USG-object-security-security1]detect-mode preventive
[USG-object-security-security1]reset
[USG-object-security-security1]quit 
[USG]security-policy policy1
[USG-security-policy-policy1]rule 1 permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 target any security-profile security1 action block
[USG-security-policy-policy1]quit 

3、VPN

3.1 IPSec VPN

[USG]ipsec proposal prop1
[USG-ipsec-proposal-prop1]esp authentication-algorithm sha1
[USG-ipsec-proposal-prop1]esp encryption-algorithm aes-256
[USG-ipsec-proposal-prop1]ah authentication-algorithm sha1
[USG-ipsec-proposal-prop1]quit
[USG]ipsec policy policy1
[USG-ipsec-policy-policy1]proposal prop1
[USG-ipsec-policy-policy1]quit
[USG]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1-tunnel]ipsec policy policy1
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1-tunnel]tunnel source 172.30.1.1
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1-tunnel]tunnel destination 172.30.2.1
[USG-GigabitEthernet0/0/1-tunnel]quit

3.2 SSL VPN

[USG]ssl vpn server openvpn
[USG-ssl-vpn-server-openvpn]port 8443
[USG-ssl-vpn-server-openvpn]ip 192.168.1.1
[USG-ssl-vpn-server-openvpn]quit
[USG]interface Vlanif1
[USG-Vlanif1]ssl vpn gateway-policy policy1
[USG-Vlanif1]quit
[USG]ssl vpn gateway policy1
[USG-ssl-vpn-gateway-policy1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[USG-ssl-vpn-gateway-policy1]address 192.168.1.1
[USG-ssl-vpn-gateway-policy1]quit
[USG]ssl vpn auth policy policy1
[USG-ssl-vpn-auth-policy-policy1]user-group huawei
[USG-ssl-vpn-auth-policy-policy1]quit
[USG]ssl vpn acl 1015
[USG-acl-adv-1015]rule 5 permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[USG-acl-adv-1015]quit
[USG]interface Vlanif1
[USG-Vlanif1]ssl vpn acl 1015
[USG-Vlanif1]quit

三、总结

以上是华为防火墙配置的部分内容，其它功能如日志管理、社交应用防御、MAC地址绑定、静态NAT等配置，读者可以根据需要自行学习。总的来说，华为防火墙的安全性能非常出色，可以满足大多数企业的需求。