英语16种时态的详细解析

一、一般现在时

1. 描述经常发生的动作或状态。

She plays basketball every week.
Tom loves pizza.

2. 表示客观事实。

The earth rotates around the sun.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

3. 提示现在的情况或状态。

I am currently working on a project.
The weather is beautiful today.

二、一般过去时

1. 描述过去发生的动作或状态。

I studied in Japan for 2 years.
They were happy at the party.

2. 表示过去的习惯。

I used to swim every morning when I was young.
My sister always read books before bed when she was a child.

3. 表示过去的客观事实。

The Titanic sank in 1912.
It rained heavily yesterday.

三、一般将来时

1. 描述将来要发生的动作。

I will travel to Paris next month.
We will have a meeting tomorrow.

2. 表示打算或意图做某事。

I am going to study harder to pass the exam.
My brother is planning to start a new business.

3. 表示对未来的预言或预测。

Experts predict that the population will grow by 2% next year.
It will rain tomorrow according to the weather forecast.

四、现在进行时

1. 描述正在进行的动作。

I am currently writing an article.
They are playing football now.

2. 表示暂时的、正在进行的状况。

She is feeling tired today.
He is studying hard for the exam.

3. 表示为将来安排的行动。

I am meeting my friend at the train station tomorrow.
They are leaving for New York next week.

五、过去进行时

1. 描述过去正在进行的动作。

I was writing an email when you called me.
They were playing tennis at that time.

2. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的状况。

He was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.
She was cooking dinner at 6pm yesterday.

3. 表示过去某一瞬间的发生。

I was walking down the street when I heard a loud noise.
They were talking to each other when I arrived.

六、过去完成时

1. 描述过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。

I had finished my homework before my parents came back.
They had studied English for 5 years before they went to America.

2. 表示两个过去动作中先发生的动作，常与表示过去的时间连用。

He had gone to bed before the phone rang.
I had left the office when my boss came back.

3. 表示对过去情况的描写或评价。

She had become a famous singer by the age of 20.
They had built a new stadium for the Olympics.

七、将来进行时

1. 描述将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。

She will be cooking dinner at 7pm tomorrow.
They will be watching a movie at the cinema this time tomorrow.

2. 表示将来某一时刻正在持续的状况。

I will be working in the office next week.
They will be traveling around Europe for a month.

3. 表示对未来的预计或打算。

I will be studying abroad for a year starting from September.
He will be retiring in 5 years.

八、已完成时

1. 描述已经发生的动作产生的影响。

I have finished my work, so I can go home now.
They have cleaned the room, so it's neat and tidy.

2. 表示过去一段时间内发生的动作。

We have traveled to many countries in the last 10 years.
He has read 20 books this month.

3. 表示已发生但是不确定是否对未来有影响。

She has lost her phone, but she doesn't know where it is.
They have sold their car, but they haven't bought a new one yet.

九、现在完成进行时

1. 描述一个动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在并可能会继续下去。

I have been studying English for 2 years.
He has been working for this company since 2010.

2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在并可能会持续下去的状态。

She has been living in this city for 5 years.
They have been married for 10 years.

3. 表示过去一段时间内持续进行的动作对现在的影响。

I have been exercising regularly, so I feel healthier.
He has been studying hard, so he has made great progress.

十、过去完成进行时

1. 描述过去某一时刻开始一直持续到另一个过去时刻的动作。

I had been working on the project for 3 months before I got promoted.
They had been living in this city for 2 years before they moved to another place.

2. 表示过去一段时间内持续进行的动作对另一个过去的影响。

She had been practicing the piano for hours, so she was exhausted.
They had been studying for the exam for days, so they felt nervous.

3. 表示在过去某一时刻前一段时间一直在进行的动作。

I had been waiting for him for an hour before he finally came.
They had been working on the project for 2 weeks before they finished it.

十一、虚拟将来时

1. 表示想象、猜测等的情况。

If I had enough money, I would buy a house.
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.

2. 表示假设、推断等的情况。

If I were you, I would take a break and relax.
If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.

3. 表示请求、建议等的情况。

If you could help me, I would be grateful.
If you don't mind, could you turn down the music a little bit?

十二、过去完成将来时

1. 表示在过去某一时间点之前将来要发生的动作。

By the time I arrived, they would have finished the meeting.
Before he left, I would have told him the truth.

2. 表示一种揣测的情况。

If they had taken a different approach, they would have succeeded.
If I had known that, I would have done it differently.

3. 表示一种幻想、假设的情况。

If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a private island.
If he had been taller, he would have become a basketball player.

十三、被动语态

1. 表示动作的承受者或做事的对象。

The book was written by a famous author.
The car was repaired by a mechanic.

2. 表示强调动作承受者或做事对象。

The cake was made by my mother herself.
The project was finished by the team in just one week.

3. 表示不知道动作的执行者。

The new building has not been completed yet.
The stolen bike has not been found by the police.

十四、现在完成被动语态

1. 表示动作的承受者或做事对象一直是这样的状态。

The book has always been loved by readers.
The hotel has always been managed by a professional team.

2. 表示动作的承受者或做事对象在过去一段时间内一直是这样的状态。

The house has been rented by a nice family for 5 years.
The school has been supported by the local community for a long time.

3. 表示动作的承受者或做事对象一直被进行某种操作影响。

The computer has been infected by a virus and needs to be repaired.
The painting has been damaged by water and needs to be restored.

十五、过去被动语态

1. 表示动作的承受者或做事对象在过去某一时刻被执行。

The letter was sent yesterday.
The decision was made by the committee last week.

2. 表示动作的承受者或做事对象在过去一段时间内被执行，且对结果产生了影响。

The bridge was repaired for a month after the storm.
The building was renovated last year and looks much better now.

3. 表示对某件事情的陈述强调做事的对象。

The meal was cooked by a famous chef.
The speech was delivered by the president himself.

十六、将来被动语态

1. 表示动作的承受者或做事对象在将来某一时刻将被执行。

The product will be launched next month.
The tickets will be sold out soon.

2. 表示强调动作的承受者或做事对象。

The party will be hosted by my friend.
The report will be presented by the manager.

3. 表示将来某一时刻动作的承受者或做事对象将处于某种状态。

The room will be cleaned before the guests arrive.
The car will be repaired as soon as possible.