App测试点全面解析

一、用户体验测试

用户体验是评估一个APP是否好用的重要指标，开发过程中需要进行全面测试。

1、界面测试

// 界面测试代码示例：
public void testInterface() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    onView(withText("注册")).check(matches(isClickable()));
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_username)).perform(typeText("test"), closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_password)).perform(typeText("123456"), closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).perform(click());
    onView(withText("登录成功")).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
}

2、功能测试

// 功能测试代码示例：
public void testFunction() {
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_search)).perform(typeText("test"), closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withId(R.id.button_search)).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.text_result)).check(matches(withText("搜索结果：test")));
}

3、易用性测试

易用性测试需要模拟用户的操作行为，从而评估APP的易用性。

// 易用性测试代码示例：
public void testUsability() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).perform(scrollTo(), click());
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_username)).perform(replaceText(""));
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_password)).perform(replaceText(""));
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).perform(click());
    onView(withText("请输入用户名和密码")).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
}

二、设备兼容性测试

在不同设备上测试，发现并修复因使用不同设备和系统而引起的问题。

1、不同分辨率测试

// 不同分辨率测试代码示例：
public void testResolution() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button)).perform(click());
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
        onView(withText("Popup Window")).inRoot(isPlatformPopup()).perform(click());
    } else {
        onView(withText("Popup Window")).perform(click());
    }
    onView(withId(R.id.popup_text)).check(matches(withText("Popup Window")));
}

2、不同操作系统测试

// 不同操作系统测试代码示例：
public void testOS() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button)).perform(click());
    onView(withText("Android OS")).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.os_text)).check(matches(withText("Android OS")));
}

3、不同设备测试

// 不同设备测试代码示例：
public void testDevice() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button)).perform(click());
    if ("Tablet".equals(getDeviceType())) {
        onView(withText("Tablet")).perform(click());
    } else {
        onView(withText("Phone")).perform(click());
    }
    onView(withId(R.id.device_text)).check(matches(withText(getDeviceType())));
}

三、安全性测试

APP应该保证用户的信息安全，防止数据泄露和其他安全问题。

1、离线数据安全测试

// 离线数据安全测试代码示例：
public void testOfflineDataSecurity() {
    password = "123456";
    String hash = encrypt(password);
    saveHash(hash);
    String savedHash = loadHash();
    assertEquals(hash, savedHash);
}

2、网络数据传输安全测试

// 网络数据传输安全测试代码示例：
public void testNetworkDataSecurity() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_username)).perform(typeText("test"), closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_password)).perform(typeText("123456"), closeSoftKeyboard());
    onView(withId(R.id.button_login)).perform(click());

    // 拦截网络请求，模拟HTTPS中间人攻击
    MockWebServer server = new MockWebServer();
    server.setProtocol("http/1.0");
    server.useHttps(getSslContext().getSocketFactory(), false);
    server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setBody("登录成功"));
    server.start();
    HttpUrl url = server.url("/api/login");
    onView(withId(R.id.editText_url)).perform(replaceText(url.toString()));
    onView(withId(R.id.button_send)).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.text_result)).check(matches(withText("网络请求异常")));
}

3、权限测试

// 权限测试代码示例：
public void testPermission() {
    List deniedPermissions = checkPermissions();
    if (!deniedPermissions.isEmpty()) {
        grantPermissions(deniedPermissions);
    }
    onView(withId(R.id.button_camera)).perform(click());
    onView(withId(R.id.image_preview)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
}

四、性能测试

通过不断的性能测试，优化APP的性能。

1、CPU和内存测试

// CPU和内存测试代码示例：
public void testCPUAndMemory() {
    int count = 1000000;
    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        Math.sqrt(i);
    }
    long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long time = endTime - startTime;
    assertTrue("CPU测试失败，执行时间超过1秒。", time < 1000);

    Activity activity = getActivity();
    Debug.MemoryInfo memoryInfo = new Debug.MemoryInfo();
    Debug.getMemoryInfo(memoryInfo);
    long usedMemory = memoryInfo.getTotalPss() * 1024;
    assertTrue("内存测试失败，内存使用量超过100MB。", usedMemory < 100 * 1024 * 1024);
}

2、网络速度测试

// 网络速度测试代码示例：
public void testNetworkSpeed() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button_download)).perform(click());
    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    onView(withId(R.id.progress_bar)).perform(waitUntil(progressIs(100)), click());
    long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long time = (endTime - startTime) / 1000;
    assertTrue("网络速度测试失败，下载时间超过10秒。", time < 10);
}

3、电量消耗测试

// 电量消耗测试代码示例：
public void testBatteryConsumption() {
    onView(withId(R.id.button_play)).perform(click());
    sleep(30000);
    onView(withId(R.id.button_pause)).perform(click());

    IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
    Intent intent = getContext().registerReceiver(null, intentFilter);
    int level = intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_LEVEL, -1);
    assertTrue("电量消耗测试失败，电量下降过快。", level > 70);
}