深入剖析backport

一、backports.zoneinfo

backports.zoneinfo是一个Linux内核模块，主要解决Linux的时区更新问题。由于时区是随着时间变化的，这就需要不断地更新时区信息。但是，对于老旧的Linux内核版本，由于它们不再得到更新，所以就需要使用backports.zoneinfo模块，来解决时区更新问题。

下面是backports.zoneinfo模块的代码示例：

/**
 * Linux kernel module for timezone information backporting.
 *
 * The module backports timezone information from the latest version of glibc
 * to the running kernel by patching it into the zoneinfo directory on the
 * kernel filesystem. This is necessary because kernel builds are frequently
 * not in sync with the other parts of the system, leading to bugs with incorrect
 * time calculations.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2017 Google LLC
 *
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */
#include 
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/time.h>

static int __init init_zoneinfo(void)
{
    /* kernel code here */ 
    return 0;
}

static void __exit exit_zoneinfo(void)
{
    /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(init_zoneinfo);
module_exit(exit_zoneinfo);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");

二、backported

backported是一个用于解决Linux内核版本太老，需要使用一些新特性的问题。它提供了一些最新的内核功能的兼容性，使得这些功能可以在旧版本的内核中使用。

下面是backported模块的代码示例：

/**
 * backported - provide kernel features for old kernels
 *
 * This is a module that provides newer kernel features backported to an
 * older kernel. It's really useful for maintaining support for older distros
 * or other custom environments. Once it's loaded you can use the newer features.
 * 
 * Copyright (C) 2015 Google LLC
 * 
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

int new_kernel_feature(void);

static int __init backported_init(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
  return 0;
}

static void __exit backported_exit(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(backported_init);
module_exit(backported_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Google LLC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("backported - provide kernel features for old kernels");

三、backports

backports是一个适用于Linux内核的工具，它为较老的内核版本提供了一些新的驱动和功能。使用它可以显著提高系统的兼容性和稳定性。

下面是backports模块的代码示例：

/**
 * backports - provide newer drivers for older kernels
 *
 * This is a module that provides new drivers for an older kernel.
 * It's a great way to expand the lifespan of older hardware, without
 * having to upgrade the entire system. Once it's loaded, you can use
 * the new drivers with your old kernel. 
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Google LLC
 *
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 

static struct net_device_ops new_ops = {
  /* new driver operations */
};

int old_driver_init(struct net_device *dev)
{
  /* kernel code here */
  return 0;
}

void old_driver_exit(struct net_device *dev)
{
  /* kernel code here */
}

int __init backports_init(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
  return 0;
}

void __exit backports_exit(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(backports_init);
module_exit(backports_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Google LLC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("backports - provide newer drivers for older kernels");

四、backporting

backporting是将新的软件代码移植到老旧的计算机系统或旧版本的软件中的过程。backporting使得旧版本的软件能够受益于最新版本的软件中的功能和修复。

五、backports wifi

backports wifi是一个解决旧版Linux内核无法支持新的无线网络设备的问题的工具。它为旧版的Linux内核提供了最新的无线网络驱动程序。

下面是backports wifi模块的代码示例：

/**
 * backports wifi - provide wifi drivers for older kernels
 *
 * This is a module that provides the newest wifi drivers for an older kernel.
 * It's really useful for maintaining support for older distros or other custom
 * environments. Once it's loaded you can use the newest wifi drivers with your
 * old kernel.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2015 Google LLC
 *
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

int new_wifi_driver(void);

static int __init backports_wifi_init(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
  return 0;
}

static void __exit backports_wifi_exit(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(backports_wifi_init);
module_exit(backports_wifi_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Google LLC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("backports wifi - provide wifi drivers for older kernels");

六、backport-util-concurrent

backport-util-concurrent是一个为旧版本的Java运行时环境提供最新并发库的工具。它使旧版的Java系统能够使用最新的并发库中的功能。

下面是backport-util-concurrent模块的代码示例：

/**
 * backport-util-concurrent - provide the latest concurrent utilities for old JVMs
 *
 * This is a module that provides a backport of the java.util.concurrent
 * package for older versions of the Java platform. It's extremely useful
 * for developers who need to support older versions of Java, but still want
 * to use the latest concurrent programming features.
 * 
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Google LLC
 * 
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

package com.google.backport;

public class UtilConcurrent {

    /* java code here */

}

七、backport-iwlwifi-dkms

backport-iwlwifi-dkms是为旧版的Linux内核提供最新的Intel WiFi驱动程序的工具。它使旧版的Linux内核能够使用最新的Intel WiFi驱动程序中的功能。

下面是backport-iwlwifi-dkms模块的代码示例：

/**
 * backport-iwlwifi-dkms - provide the latest Intel WiFi drivers for older kernels
 *
 * This is a module that provides a backport of the latest Intel WiFi drivers for older
 * versions of the Linux kernel. It's really useful for maintaining support for older
 * distros or other custom environments. Once it's loaded, you can use the newest Intel
 * Wifi drivers with your old kernel.
 * 
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Google LLC
 * 
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/types.h>

static int __init backport_iwlwifi_init(void)
{
    /* kernel code here */
    return 0;
}

static void __exit backport_iwlwifi_exit(void)
{
    /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(backport_iwlwifi_init);
module_exit(backport_iwlwifi_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Google LLC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("backport-iwlwifi-dkms - provide the latest Intel WiFi drivers for older kernels");

八、backported software

backported software是把新的软件功能移植到旧版本的软件中的过程。它使得旧版本的软件能够使用最新版本的软件中的功能和修复。

九、backport-iwlwifi

backport-iwlwifi是一个解决旧版Linux内核无法支持新的Intel Wi-Fi设备的问题的工具。它为旧版的Linux内核提供了最新的Intel Wi-Fi驱动程序。

下面是backport-iwlwifi模块的代码示例：

/**
 * backport-iwlwifi - provide Intel Wi-Fi drivers for older kernels
 *
 * This is a module that provides the newest Intel wi-fi drivers for an older kernel.
 * It's really useful for maintaining support for older distros or other custom environments.
 * Once it's loaded you can use the newest Intel wi-fi drivers with your old kernel.
 * 
 * Copyright (C) 2014 Google LLC
 * 
 * This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 * of the BSD license.  See the LICENSE file for details.
 */

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

int new_iwlwifi_driver(void);

static int __init backport_iwlwifi_init(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
  return 0;
}

static void __exit backport_iwlwifi_exit(void)
{
  /* kernel code here */
}

module_init(backport_iwlwifi_init);
module_exit(backport_iwlwifi_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Google LLC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("backport-iwlwifi - provide Intel Wi-Fi drivers for older kernels");